The Jewish Leaders - The Pharisees and The Sadducees

The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for false evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death. But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward.  Matthew 26:59-60

Very early in the morning, the chief priests, with the elders, the teachers of the law and the whole Sanhedrin, made their plans. So they bound Jesus, led him away and handed him over to Pilate.  Mark 15:1

Now the Festival of Unleavened Bread, called the Passover, was approaching, and the chief priests and the teachers of the law were looking for some way to get rid of Jesus, for they were afraid of the people.  Luke 22:1-2

Then the Jewish leaders took Jesus from Caiaphas to the palace of the Roman governor. By now it was early morning, and to avoid ceremonial uncleanness they did not enter the palace, because they wanted to be able to eat the Passover.  John 18:28

No matter which gospel you read, you can see that the Jewish leaders were at the heart of the problem.  They were looking for a way to get rid of Jesus.  They made their plans.  They made their deal with Judas, knew how to manipulate the Roman authorities, and set off to take him down.  

I find it so ironic that these men who were so spiritually unkempt would not enter the Roman palace, because they did not want to be unclean.  Somehow they had allowed Satan to blind them to the fact that they were already unclean!! 

If you do some studying on these men, you see how far away they had drifted from God's plan for them.  And so rather than summarizing the nature of many articles, I found a good one that I just want to post here in its entirety.  I think it gives a very concise yet revealing look into these leaders.  It is from gotquestions.org:

The Gospels refer often to the Sadducees and the Pharisees, as Jesus was in constant conflict with them.  The Sadducees and Pharisees comprised the ruling class of Israel.  There are many similarities between the two groups but important differences between them as well.  

The Sadducees:  During the time of Christ and the New Testament era, the Sadducees were aristocrats.  They tended to be wealthy and held powerful positions, including that of chief priests and high priest, and they held the majority of the 70 seats of the ruling council called the Sanhedrin.  They worked hard to keep the peace by agreeing with the decisions of Rome (Israel at this time was under Roman control), and they seemed to be more concerned with politics than religion.  Because they were accommodating to Rome and were the wealthy upper class, they did not relate well to the common man, nor did the common man hold them in high opinion.  The common man related better to those who belonged to the party of the Pharisees.  Though the Sadducees held the majority of seats in the Sanhedrin, history indicates that much of the time they had to go along with the ideas of the Pharisaic minority, because the Pharisees were popular with the masses.

Religiously, the Sadducees were more conservative in one main area of doctrine.  The Pharisees gave oral tradition equal authority to the written Word of God, while the Sadducees considered only the written word to be from God.  The Sadducees preserved the authority of the written Word of God, especially the books of Moses (Genesis through Deuteronomy).  While they could be commended for this, they definitely were not perfect in their doctrinal views.  The following is a brief list of beliefs they held that contradict Scripture:

1.  They were extremely self-sufficient to the point of denying God's involvement in everyday life.

2.  They denied any resurrection of the dead (Matthew 22:23, Mark 12:18-27, Acts 23:8).

3.  They denied any afterlife, holding that the soul perished at death, and therefore denying any penalty or        reward after the earthy life.                       

4.  They denied the existence of the spiritual world, i.e., angels and demons (Acts 23:8).

Because the Sadducees were more concerned with politics than religion, they were unconcerned with Jesus until they became afraid He might bring unwanted Roman attention.  It was at this point that the Sadducees and Pharisees united and conspired to put Christ to death (John 11:48-50, Mark 14:53, 15:1).  Other mentions of the Sadducees are found in Acts 4:1 and Acts 5:17; and the Sadducees are implicated in the death of James by the historian Josephus (Acts 12:1-2).

The Sadducees ceased to exist in A.D. 70.  Since this party existed because of their political and priestly ties, when Rome destroyed Jerusalem and the temple in A.D. 70,the Sadducees were also destroyed. 

The Pharisees:  In contrast to the Sadducees, the Pharisees were mostly middle-class businessmen, and therefore were in contact with the common man.  The Pharisees were held in much higher esteem by the common man than the Sadducees.  Though they were a minority in the Sanhedrin and held a minority number of positions as priests, they seemed to control the decision making of the Sanhedrin far more than than the Sadducees did, again because they had the support of the people. 

Religiously, they accepted the written word as inspired by God.  At the time of Christ's earthly ministry, this would have been what is now our Old Testament.  But they also gave equal authority to oral tradition and attempted to defend this position by saying it went all the way back to Moses.  Evolving over the centuries, these traditions added to God's word, which is forbidden (Deuteronomy 4:2) and the Pharisees sought to strictly obey these traditions along with the Old Testament.  The Gospels abound with examples of the Pharisees treating traditions as equal to God's Word (Matthew 9:14, 15:1-9, 23:5, 23:16, Mark 7:1-23, Luke 11:42).  However, they did remain true to God's Word in reference to certain other important doctrines.  In contrast to the Sadducees, they believed the following:

1.  They believed that God controlled all things, yet decisions made by individuals also contributed to the course of a person's life.

2.  They believed in the resurrection of the dead (Acts 23:6).

3.  They believed in an afterlife, with appropriate reward and punishment on an individual basis.

4.  They believed in the existence of angels and demons (Acts 23:8).

Though the Pharisees were rivals of the Sadducees, they managed to set aside their differences on one occasion - the trial of Christ.  It was at this point that the Sadducees and Pharisees united to put Christ to death (Mark 14:53; 15:1, John 11:48-50).

While the Sadducees ceased to exist after the destruction of Jerusalem, the Pharisees, who were more concerned with religion than politics, continued to exist.  In fact, the Pharisees were against the rebellion that brought on Jerusalem's destruction in AD 70, and they were the first to make peace with the Romans afterward.  The Pharisees were also responsible for the compilation of the Mishnah, an important document with reference to the continuation of Judaism beyond the destruction of the temple.

Both the Pharisees and the Sadducees earned numerous rebukes from Jesus.  Perhaps the best lesson we can learn from the Pharisees and Sadducees is to not be like them.  Unlike the Sadducees, we are to believe everything the Bible says, including the miraculous and the afterlife.  Unlike the Pharisees, we are not to treat traditions as having equal authority as Scripture, and we are not to allow our relationship with God to be reduced to a legalistic list of rules and rituals. 

There you go.  The leaders of God's chosen people were so far from God.  They even looked God the Son right in his eyes and didn't recognize him!  That shows just how far they had drifted, yes?